How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms as well as any history of ADHD. The doctor will also examine your family history.
Most often, people are diagnosed with ADHD later in life. A major event such as the birth of a child or a relationship crisis can trigger awareness of the problem. The first step in managing ADHD symptoms and improving function is to get an assessment.
Characteristics
While many children have trouble staying still, waiting for their turn, and paying attention at schools or in other settings, kids who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD suffer from these issues to the extent that hinders their performance at home, school or work. The symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity have to be present for at least 6 months and be significantly greater than what is expected for the child's age or development level. In addition, they must be causing significant pain and issues at school, home, work, and also in relationships.
A certified health professional will conduct a clinical assessment to diagnose ADHD. This may include a physical examination, and also examining for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, like depression or thyroid disease. The health care provider will also examine the family history of the patient and review medical, psychiatric, and academic records. Additionally, he will talk to the patient about their symptoms. For children the questions are generally specific to their age and parents may be interviewed too.
The physician will follow the American Psychiatric Association's clinical guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in adults and children, which are outlined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The doctor will look at the person's current symptoms and past behavior, looking at how they interfere with their family, social, and professional life. If possible the therapist will look at the person's schooling and childhood experiences.
When looking at adults, the physician will take into account whether or not they suffer from an underlying mental health condition that is co-occurring and will inquire whether the patient has a family history of ADHD. People who have family members with the disorder are more prone to develop it.
If a health care provider suspects someone may have ADHD and is concerned about it, they will conduct an extensive clinical assessment. This involves examining the patient's symptoms and requesting that they keep a daily log of their symptoms over a period of a few weeks. They can also ask the person about any other issues they may have, and then use the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if the person is in compliance with any of the ADHD criteria.
Diagnosis
Many health professionals who are interested in ADHD or who specialize in mental illness can screen and diagnose the disorder. This includes clinical psychologists nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists. Some family doctors diagnose ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. They may refer adults for a comprehensive assessment.
The first step in diagnosing ADHD is an exhaustive medical exam, including examination of vision and hearing. Additionally, a doctor may recommend the brain scan, also known as an EEG-Based Assessment Aid, or NEBA to measure the amount of beta and theta waves within the brain. This type of brain scan is a non-invasive, safe method for screening individuals for ADHD.
In an interview with the individual an examiner reviews the individual's medical and psychiatric history dating back to childhood, and also his current symptoms and coping strategies. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
For adolescents and children being screened for ADHD The doctor will likely have teachers and other professionals who spend a lot of time with the child to fill in questionnaires or checklists. The doctor may also ask parents complete these forms. For adults, he or she will often speak to spouses and close friends, and also co-workers, and may want to interview relatives who know the person from their childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. They will also determine for how long the symptoms have been present for, and whether they cause difficulties at home, school or at work, or in other areas of life.
The mental health professional should also screen for other disorders which share symptoms with ADHD like depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder. He or she must also search for physical causes such as thyroid problems or sleep disorders. A thorough screening will also examine the person's social, emotional and family history.
Treatment
Children suffering from ADHD require learning to manage their symptoms. Families can help by encouraging school staff to monitor their child's progress, providing positive feedback, and showing flexible and patient. They can also teach relaxation and calming methods such as yoga or meditation. Many children with ADHD benefit from regular physical exercise and a balanced diet, which can help enhance their ability to focus and concentrate. They should avoid foods that are high in sugar and drinks that can worsen their symptoms. They should also ensure they sleep enough.
ADHD symptoms can persist throughout adolescence, and even into adulthood. For adults, they can manifest as difficulties at work or in relationships. A health care provider will conduct an assessment to determine if someone is suffering from ADHD and the extent of it. The evaluation typically includes an examination of the mental health history along with a physical exam, and interviews with the person, his or her parents, spouse or a life partner, and other family members who know the person well. The healthcare provider might request an inventory of the person's symptoms and how they affect him or her. They could also use rating scales and other tests to verify that the person meets standardized criteria for ADHD. adhd adult diagnosis will also conduct a medical note of any medical conditions that could mimic the symptoms of ADHD such as thyroid disorders and seizure disorder.
If the person is diagnosed with ADHD A medication is typically prescribed to manage the symptoms. Stimulants are the most common medicines used to treat ADHD in adults and children. These medications have the potential to cause adverse effects, so a person should only take them under doctor's supervision and with a prescription. Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking. Certain medications can interact with stimulants, causing dangerous adverse effects. Many people with ADHD need to try a variety of kinds and dosages of medications before they find one that is suitable for him or her.
The following is a list with preventions.
In certain cases it is possible to reduce exposure to triggers from the environment can aid in preventing ADHD symptoms. These triggers may include sleep and diet and family structure, as well as medication. A GP can assist you in finding ways to deal with these triggers, and refer you for further assistance or to a dietitian who can suggest changes to your diet.
Consult your GP for more details. Avoid dietary supplements without scientific evidence or that could interfere with certain medications.
Adults who suspect ADHD should consult a mental health professional for diagnosis, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist for diagnosis. The doctor will go through medical records, conduct an examination of the body and conduct a thorough medical history to rule out any other possible causes of the symptoms. The therapist will talk to the patient, observe their behavior, and utilize standard ratings scales. They will also examine the duration and presence of the core ADHD symptoms, and whether they affect the life of a person.
A therapist can work with a patient and their family to improve parenting, teach time management and other methods for managing time. They can also instruct the patient in metacognitive abilities, which involves the identification and correction of "thinking distortions" which can lead to negative moods or the perception of having fewer options. Psychologists can also prescribe certain medication and work with other mental health professionals to provide a comprehensive treatment.
Parents can help by providing a secure and loving home, setting clear expectations and rewards, promoting an appropriate sleep hygiene and avoid stimulants. Parents should encourage their children to be social and develop a healthy relationship with their child's partner.
The staff at the school may offer valuable information regarding the behavior and learning challenges of a child however, they aren't qualified to diagnose ADHD or make treatment decisions. The parents of the child and their health care provider have to make these decisions with the support of the teacher.